User-Centred Design Approach in Designing Motorcycle Tire Dismounting Tool for One-Handed User

User-Centred Design (UCD) is an approach which aims to improve the management of user requirements in the product development process. The main aim of this approach is to incorporate the users into the product development process in very early phase, as to obtain direct requirements and immediate feedback from them. This paper presents the integration of prescriptive model of product development process and UCD within a practical environment. The integrated process was tested in one case study – the development of a motorcycle tire dismounting tool. Product testing and interview survey was conducted to collect feedback from the users. All the three evaluation criteria (efficiency, comfortability, safety) scored a positive feedback from the users for the designed tool relative to the existing tool. The result indicates that an integration of UCD in the product development process had enhanced the establishment of user requirements in the product

THE ROLE OF A SPECIFICATION IN THE DESIGN PROCESS: A CASE STUDY

The research aims to understand the nature of specification development during the design process including understanding: the development, contents of, and the roles of specification. The study was carried out in a consultancy company. The consultancy company was selected due to their involvement in the development of different types of products (i.e. mechanical, electronic, electro-mechanical), projects (i.e. product development, design review, etc.), dealing with different type of clients and embarking at different stages of a project. These situations provide a bounty of knowledge to the design engineers in the company and their experiences were useful for this research.The results of the case study assist in obtaining an insight into the development of specification in the customer-client context from the consultant viewpoints. It was clear that a specification is a central element in the product development process as it provides vital information for design engineers to execute the design tasks i.e. for concept generation and solution evaluation

Design Of Polymeric Based Composite Automotive Bumper Fascia

An automobile bumper fascia is a non-structural component, which contributes to vehicle crashworthiness during front or rear collisions. In the past, the fascia was made of plastic material. The weight reduction in bumper fascia without sacrificing the safety of the car passenger was extensively studied. In this research, the bumper fascia made of polymeric based composite material is designed in solid modelling software. The polymeric based composite material was selected because it can offer low weight, high specific stiffness, high specific strength, high-energy absorption and easy to produce complex shapes. Four conceptual designs of bumper fascia were developed in 3-D solid model. To decide the final design of bumper fascia the matrix evaluation method was used. The weight of bumper fascia was obtained through weight analysis that has been developed by using Pro/Engineer software. The fascia was successfully designed with less weight compared to the current fascia

FUNCTIONAL MODELLING APPROACH IN THE DESIGN OF AN ELECTRICAL SHOE DRYER

Functional basis is a design language consisting of a set of functions and a set of flows that are used to form a sub-function. This paper presents the application of functional basis to develop a functional model during the conceptual design of an electrical shoe dryer. In this research, reconciled functional basis was employed to develop the functional model of the electrical shoe dryer. Later on, the means to achieve the required sub-functions are identified based on the designer’s experience. In the embodiment design stage the identified means of the required functions are arranged to form the final layout of the electrical shoe dryer. In conclusion, the application of functional basis in the development of an electrical sho

Conceptual Design of a Motorcycle Tire Dismounting Tool for One-Handed User

Most existing products are designed without consideration of one-handed users. This includes the equipment and tools normally used in motorcycle workshops. A majority of these products demand a two-handed user by default and unintentionally deny access to one-handed users. Thus, this project aims to design and fabricate a prototype of a motorcycle tire dismounting tool intended for one-handed users. The project starts with a preliminary study, a preliminary concepts evaluation, concepts generation, concept selection and concept refinement. Methods such as observation, brainstorming and the weighted objective method were employed in the course of the design process. Solid modeling software, CATIA V5 was used to produce a 3D drawing of the concept designs and the final design of the motorcycle tire dismounting tool. Finally, the prototype of the tool was built and tested. The tire dismounting process is possible to carry out with one hand using this product. Users just need to push or pull the handle of the product with a 29 N force

The Effect of Nozzle Size on the Tensile and Flexural Properties of PLA Parts Fabricated Via FDM

The nozzle of a 3D printer extrudes molten filament onto the print surface. The detachable and adjustable nozzle of a 3D printer allows for the printing of lines of varying thickness. This study intends to investigate the effect of nozzle diameter on the tensile and flexural properties of printed specimens. The tensile and flexural specimens were prepared according to ASTM D638 Type 1 and ISO 178, respectively. After specimens were printed with nozzles having diameters of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.8 mm, tensile and flexural tests were conducted using an Instron 5585 machine. Each specimen was printed with 0.2 mm layer thickness, a line pattern, and 100 percent infill. Tensile and flexural behaviors of PLA specimens were comparable, according to the findings. Tensile and flexural strengths increase as nozzle diameter increases, but they are only effective up to a certain diameter. At a nozzle diameter of 0.6 mm, the maximum tensile strength was 33.32 MPa, and at a nozzle diameter of 0.5 mm, the maximum flexural strength was 76.76 MPa. The flexural strength decreases when using nozzles with diameters of 0.6 and 0.8 mm, and the tensile strength decreases when using a nozzle with a larger diameter (0.8 mm). Because the diameter of the nozzle has a significant impact on the mechanical properties of a part, it is crucial to choose the correct nozzle diameter for optimal mechanical properties

A comparison of the flexural properties of PLA and ABS printed parts

The additive manufacturing (AM) technique produces three-dimensional objects by stacking successive layers of material. Fused deposition modelling, abbreviated FDM for convenience, is an additive manufacturing (AM) technique. Using FDM, objects are created by successively depositing molten filaments of thermoplastic onto the printing surface. This is referred to as slicing. The mechanical properties of FDM-printed parts depend on a number of factors, including the composition of the material, the extrusion temperature, the printing parameters, and the ambient temperature at the time the parts are printed. The objective of this study was to investigate the consistency of mechanical properties of elements produced using FDM additive manufacturing technology. Ten thermoplastic ABS and PLA samples were subjected to flexure testing in order to accomplish this. Utilizing the Instron 5585 Floor Model Testing System, flexure testing was conducted. The ultimate flexural strength, along with the strain and Young modulus, was studied. During flexural tests, the thermoplastic ABS material demonstrated greater consistency in terms of its mechanical properties. The fact that different PLA samples had different flexural strengths showed that their mechanical properties were less repeatable

Effect Of Part Features On Dimensional Accuracy Of FDM Model

This research investigates the dimensional accuracy of parts produced using the additive manufacturing method of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). The fabrication of parts was carried out based on the standard value of process parameter of Stratasys FDM 400MC machine. Parts with four common features of products in different sizes were fabricated in FDM machines using Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) material. Then, the linear dimension of each part feature was measured with a Coordinate Measurement Machine (CMM) that was repeated for three times. The accuracy of the fabricated part feature was computed by subtracting the nominal dimension of the part (CAD model)with the measured dimension of FDM model. An analysis of sixteen different dimensions of the part feature was identified that parts dimension had a significant effect on the dimensional accuracy of FDM model. In addition, it was found that FDM machine is less accurate in producing a circular shape part such as cylindrical, sphere and hole as the majority of them are out of the machine’s tolerance